Growth and characterization of Na3R(BO3)2 (R = La–Gd) borates: crystal structure, high-temperature behavior, and optical properties

A series of Pr 3+ , Nd 3+ , or Sm 3+ -doped Na 3 Gd(BO 3 ) 2 (NGB) crystals has typical luminescence spectra with relative intensity reaching the maximum at 1 mol% for Pr 3+ , Sm 3+ , and 10 mol.% for Nd 3+ doping.