Emerging role of local treatment in the era of advanced systemic treatment in pancreatic cancer with liver metastasis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Abstract Background Approximately 50% of pancreatic cancer cases are diagnosed with distant metastases, commonly in the liver, leading to poor prognosis. With modern chemotherapy regimens extending patient survival and stabilizing metastasis, there has been a rise in the use of local treatments. However, the effectiveness for local treatment remains unclear. Methods PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched for studies reporting the survival outcomes of pancreatic cancer cases with isolated synchronous or metachronous liver metastases who underwent curative‐intent local treatment. Hazard ratios were combined using a random‐effects model. Results The full texts of 102 studies were screened, and 14 retrospective studies were included in the meta‐analysis. Among patients with synchronous liver metastases, overall survival was significantly better in those who underwent curative‐intent local treatment than in those who did not (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.35, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.24–0.52). Among patients with metachronous liver metastases, overall survival was also significantly better in those who underwent curative‐intent local treatment than in those who did not (HR 0.37, 95% CI: 0.19–0.73). Conclusions Curative‐intent local treatment may be a feasible option for highly selected pancreatic cancer cases with liver metastases. However, the optimal strategy for local treatments should be explored in future studies.