Ethical artificial intelligence in paediatrics

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in paediatric research and clinical practice has steadily increased and has mostly been leveraged to augment diagnostic assessment, risk prediction, and treatment of specific child health conditions. 1 Hoodbhoy Z Masroor Jeelani S Aziz A et al. Machine learning for child and adolescent health: a systematic review. Pediatrics. 2021; 147 (e2020011833) Crossref PubMed Google Scholar Yet, AI efforts focused on health equity are limited to the adult population 2 Bompelli A Wang Y Wan R et al. Social and behavioral determinants of health in the era of artificial intelligence with electronic health records: a scoping review. Health Data Sci. 2021; 2021: 9759016 Crossref Google Scholar or early-life adversities due to environmental exposures. 3 Oskar S Stingone JA Machine learning within studies of early-life environmental exposures and child health: review of the current literature and discussion of next steps. Curr Environ Health Rep. 2020; 7: 170-184 Crossref PubMed Scopus (7) Google Scholar In paediatrics, AI could aid providers and systems in understanding and mitigating social risk, and nurturing more equitable care. 4 Boch S Hussain S-A Bambach S DeShetler C Chisolm D Linwood S Locating youth exposed to parental justice-involvement in the electronic health record: development of a natural language processing model. JMIR Pediatr Parent. 2022; 5: e33614 Crossref PubMed Scopus (1) Google Scholar