Effect of Zr4+ concentration on the segregation coefficient and exposure energy of Zr:Fe:Cu:LiNbO3 crystal

A series of Zr:Fe:Cu:LiNbO3 crystals with distinct Zr4+ ion doping concentrations (0, 2, and 4 mol%) were grown using the Czochralski method. Subsequently, the segregation coefficient of doped ions in the crystal was analyzed by an inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer. The lattice constant and defect structure of the crystal were measured by X-ray powder diffraction. The light-induced scattering of Zr:Fe:Cu:LiNbO3 crystal was analyzed by the threshold effect of incident exposure energy flux and the same as the change in Zr4+ ion doping concentration. When the Zr4+ ion concentration changes to 4 mol%, the exposure energy was close to 811.37 J/cm2, which is about 192 times that of the 0 mol% Zr4+.