Ultrasound guided microwave ablation treatment of uterine fibroids: Clinical response and patient acceptability

Abstract Introduction The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of ultrasound guided microwave ablation for treating symptoms related to uterine fibroids. Material and Methods This was a prospective interventional study. Patients with symptomatic uterine fibroids were included at Danderyd Hospital, Sweden, from January 2020 to August 2023. All patients were treated with percutaneous or vaginal ultrasound guided microwave ablation. Primary outcome was reduction of fibroid symptoms evaluated by the validated uterine fibroid symptom and quality of life (UFS‐QoL) questionnaire at 6 months post‐treatment. Location of each fibroid was noted. Secondary outcomes included reduction of menstruation blood loss, change in hemoglobin, ferritin and Anti‐Müllerian hormone, fibroid volume difference, hospitalization, acceptability, and postoperative pain. Clinical trials registration number NCT04240262. Results Symptoms from uterine fibroids decreased by 37% ( p < 0.001) on the symptom severity scale and health‐related quality of life increased by 74% ( p < 0.001). Menstrual blood loss decreased by 38% ( p < 0.001) according to the Pictorial Bleeding Assessment Chart and median fibroid shrinkage of the three largest treated fibroids was 64% ( p < 0.001). Highest median shrinkage rate (82) was seen in submucous fibroids. A total of 110 of 113 (97%) patients left the hospital on the day of treatment. We experienced one adverse event (0.8%) Clavien Dindo grade 3. Acceptability was high and postoperative pain was mild to moderate. Conclusions Microwave ablation is a highly acceptable minimally invasive method for treating symptoms related to uterine fibroids in patients who desire uterus preservation. Submucosal fibroids showed more favorable treatment results.