Porous Materials for NRR

Powered by renewable electricity generated from solar or wind power sources, the electrocatalytic reduction of N 2 to ammonia (NRR) becomes an attractive alternative that can potentially enable the synthesis of ammonia under milder conditions. This part provides a comprehensive NRR research summary on the traditional porous metal composites, emerging metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks electrocatalysts (COFs). Detailed investigation proved the catalytic ability of Au, Pd, Ru and non-noble-based porous composites from the aspect of composition, electronic structure, and mass transfer. Recently, MOFs and COFs are attracting increasing interest in the electrocatalytic NRR to NH 3 due to their well-defined pores, large surface areas, and adjustable atomic architectures. Herein, detailed overview of MOFs, COFs, and their derivatives as NRR catalysts or assistants are briefly presented with several representative instances. Additionally, challenges and prospects for NRR based on porous electrocatalysts are also proposed.