Evaluation of the systemic-immune inflammation index (SII) and systemic immune-inflammation response index (SIRI) in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and its relationship with cumulative glycemic exposure

Abstract Objectives In this study, the systemic proinflammatory status was assessed using the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and SIRI systemic immune-inflammatory response index (SIRI) in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods The study involved 159 patients aged between 6 and 16 years. The SII and SIRI values were calculated based on the complete blood count. Basic blood biochemistry evaluated, and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) was measured and recorded. The cumulative glycemic exposure was calculated by multiplying the value above the normal reference range of the HbA 1c value. The sum of all these values obtained from the time of diagnosis to obtain the cumulative glycemic exposure. All findings were compared statistically. All statistically significant parameters were evaluated in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results The analysis revealed that only cIMT (Exp(B)/OR: 0.769, 95 % CI: 0.694–0.853, p<0.001), high-density lipoprotein (Exp(B)/OR: 3.924, 95 % CI: 2.335–6.596, p<0.001), monocyte count (Exp(B)/OR: 1.650, 95 % CI: 1.257–2.178, p<0.001), hematocrit (Exp(B)/OR: 0.675, 95 % CI: 0.523–0.870, p<0.001), and SIRI (Exp(B)/OR: 1.005, 95 % CI: 1.002–1.008, p<0.001) were significantly associated with T1DM. A statistically significant positive association was found between cumulative glycemic exposure and SIRI only (r=0.213, p=0.032). To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate SII and SIRI in children with type 1 diabetes. Conclusions These findings indicate that SIRI could serve as a potential biomarker for detecting early-onset proatherosclerotic processes in diabetic children. However, further clinical studies are required to confirm this.