A review of recent developments in the impact of environmental measures on urban heat island

The global boom in urbanization and infrastructure, especially in developing countries, has resulted in the urban heat island (UHI). This recent review analyzes the current development of UHI to understand the impacts of various environmental measures on UHI. Further, this study identifies how UHI research is conducted based on multiple parameters and scenarios. The study grouped the variables under eight different measuring criteria and the most used variables from the literature. Several objectives are identified, and an analysis of the tools used to measure the relevant UHI variables is also performed. The major findings from the earlier studies are critically examined. A significant research gap exists in connectivity infrastructure, which has not been included in most UHI studies, including above-ground metro lines and highway infrastructure. The present review helps analyze the impact of environmental metrics on the UHI phenomenon in various ways to meet sustainable development goal-11 effectively. Thus, the presented recent review on the impact analysis of different environmental measures on UHI is beneficial to the scientific and architectural community and the betterment of society.