The Lasting Impact of IL-2: Approaching 50 Years of Advancing Immune Tolerance, Cancer Immunotherapies, and Autoimmune Diseases

IL-2-based therapies hold transformative potential in autoimmunity, cancer immunology, and transplantation, yet they remain elusive due to the complex balance between immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive effects. This review explores the milestones in IL-2 biology, its dualistic functions, and the ongoing quest to harness its therapeutic promise.