Nanostructured Materials Used for Pattern Recognition of Bisphenols in Waste Water Samples

Three stochastic sensors based on modified nanocarbon paste (nC), nanographene paste (nGr), and reduced graphene oxide paste (rGOx) with 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were proposed for the pattern recognition of bisphenols A (BPA), F (BPF), and Z (BPZ) in waste water samples. The linear concentration ranges recorded were: for BPA between 1fmol/L and 10μmol/L, for BPF between 10fmol/L and 1μmol/L, and for BPZ between 10fmol/L and 0.1mmol/L. The lowest limits of determination for each bisphenol were as following: 1fmol/L for BPA when the stochastic sensor based on nC was used, 10fmol/L for BPF when the stochastic sensors based on nC, nGr, and rGOx were used, and for BPZ 10gmol/L when the sensor based on nGr was used. The recoveries of the BPA, BPF, and BPZ were higher than 98.00% with relative standard deviation less than 0.20% (N = 10).