Effects of Low-Protein Diets Supplemented with Branched-Chain Amino Acid on Lipid Metabolism in White Adipose Tissue of Piglets

This study evaluated the effect of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation in low-protein diets on lipid metabolism in dorsal subcutaneous adipose (DSA), abdominal subcutaneous adipose (ASA), and perirenal adipose (PRA) tissues. A total of 24 piglets were allotted to four treatments, and each group was fed the adequate protein (AP) diet, low-protein (LP) diet, LP diet supplemented with BCAA (LP + B), or LP diet supplemented with twice BCAA (LP + 2B). Serum concentrations of leptin in the BCAA-supplemented treatments were higher (P < 0.01) than in the AP treatment, but lower (P < 0.01) than in the LP treatment. In DSA, the mRNA and protein levels for lipogenic-related genes were highest in the LP treatment and lowest in the LP + 2B treatment. However, in ASA and PRA, the expression levels for those genes were significantly elevated in the LP + 2B treatment. In conclusion, BCAA supplementation could alter the body fat condition, and this effect was likely modulated by the expression of lipid metabolic regulators in DSA, ASA, and PRA in a depot-specific manner.