Research Progress in Androgenesis and Haploid Breeding of Gramineous Forage and Turfgrass Plants

Gramineous forage and turfgrass are critical to sustainable agriculture and contribute extensively to urban landscaping and ecological protection.In recent years, with the rapid development of biotechnology, significant progress has been made in androgenesis and haploid breeding research of gramineous forage and turfgrasses.This review describes the development of androgenesis systems for gramineous forage and turfgrass and summarizes the latest progress of some important influencing factors on androgenesis and haploid breeding.The genotype of experimental materials is the main factor influencing androgenesis efficiency.The optimal stage for efficient androgenesis of microspore development is between middle and late uninucleate.The ratio and quality of callus induction were improved after anthers were pretreated with low temperature or mannitol.Suitable varieties and ratios of hormone are also the key factors in androgenesis.We summarize the methods of ploidy determination and techniques of chromosome doubling and point out prospects for further research into double haploid breeding in forage and turfgrass.