Diagnosis and treatment of primary duodenal adenocarcinoma

Primary duodenal adenocarcinoma(PDA) is an exceedingly rare malignant tumour.It occurs silently and lacks specificity in clinical presentation in the early stage.When it develops to advanced stage,it can presents the symptoms of epigastric pain,gastrointestinal bleeding,vomiting and jaundice.The most effective methods to diagnose are hypotonic duodenograghy and duodenoscope with the accuracy of 81.9% and 89% respectively.Definitive surgery is the only means of potential cure.The selection of operative type depends on the position and stage of tumor.The factors that have been found to significantly affect long-term survival are feasibility of radical resection and the stage.In recent years,the development of endoscopic and radiologic diagnostic tests have increased the number of PDA diagnosed.The present review summarizes the diagnosis and treatment of primary duodenal adenocarcinoma.