Two important players in poor-prognosis hepatocellular carcinoma: Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) and its passenger, the oncogenic miR-17~92 locus

1Department of Basic Medical Sciences 2Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA Financial support and sponsorship: 1R21AI170712 (OA) and 5P30CA023168-38S1. List of Abbreviations: BIM, BCL2 like11; CDH1, cadherin 1; Circle-seq, Circle sequencing; DDX5, DEAD-box helicase 5; DSBs, Double Stand Breaks; eccDNA, extrachromosomal circular DNA; ecDNA, circular extrachromosomal DNA; EGFR, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor; GSK3β, Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; HCC, Hepatocellular Carcinoma; HSR, homogeneously staining regions; KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; MiR, microRNA; MIR17HG, MiR-17-92 Cluster Host Gene; MYC, proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor; NASH, Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis; NHEJ, Non-Homologous End-Joining; p21, Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1; PTEN, Phosphatase and Tensin homolog; STAT1, Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 1; TCGA, The Cancer Genome Atlas; WGS, Whole Genome Sequencing Correspondence Ourania Andrisani, PhD, Purdue University, 201 S. University Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2064. Email: [email protected]