Self‐Powered Materials for the Treatment of Skin Wounds: Material Categorization, Binding Strategies, Power Supply Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Effects

Wound healing is a complex physiological process, and if not treated in a timely manner, it can lead to infections, inflammation, and even risk amputation in serious cases. Various methods have been developed to promote wound healing. Electrical stimulation has gained significant attention for its ability to promote cell proliferation and accelerate angiogenesis. Especially, self-powered dressings, which can avoid the complexity of relying on external power sources, have become one of the emerging approaches to promote wound healing. Materials with self-powered properties are widely used in the preparation of wound dressings. This review summarizes the application of piezoelectric, triboelectric, thermoelectric, photoelectric, capacitive, and bioelectric materials in wound healing, with a focus on composition, binding strategies, power generation mechanisms, electrical output performance, and the roles of self-powered materials in tissue repair. By analyzing the self-powered characteristics and wound care applications of different materials, the potential and advantages of self-powered materials in the field of wound healing are elucidated, and the challenges facing their development are discussed. This review provides a theoretical foundation and technical reference for designing more efficient and functionally advanced self-powered wound dressings in the future, aiming to promote their widespread clinical application.