Advances in Nanomaterial-Based Biosensors for Determination of Glycated Hemoglobin

Abstract: Diabetes is a major public health burden whose prevalence has been steadily increasing over the past decades. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is currently the gold standard for diagnostics and monitoring of glycemic control in diabetes patients. HbA1c biosensors are often considered to be cost-effective alternatives for smaller testing laboratories or clinics unable to access other refer-ence methods. Many of these sensors deploy nanomaterials as recognition elements, detection la-bels, and/or transducers for achieving sensitive and selective detection of HbA1c. Nanomaterials have emerged as important sensor components due to their excellent optical and electrical proper-ties, tunable morphologies, and easy integration into multiple sensing platforms. In this review, we discuss the advantages of using nanomaterials to construct HbA1c sensors and various sensing strategies for HbA1c measurements. Key gaps between the current technologies with what is need-ed moving forward are also summarized.