Applications of nanotechnology in the treatment of pulmonary diseases

Air pollution is a major concern for the global health crisis due to pulmonary diseases, which include asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonia, lung infections, and lung cancer. Early diagnosis and novel drug delivery systems are the keys to their successful management. Asthma and COPD can be managed more effectively when treated with nanoformulations through the pulmonary route. In lung infections and cancer, targeted drug delivery is crucial in improving therapeutic effectiveness while minimizing systemic side effects. Cystic fibrosis can be treated with gene therapy. It serves as a prime example of the utilization of nanotechnology for developing nonviral vectors. This review provides an overview of the causes of different pulmonary diseases and examines the advancements in nanoscience and nanotechnology for their treatment.