Standing wave patterns in graphene systems studied using scanning tunneling spectroscopy

Standing wave patterns are formed near potential barriers or steps due to the interference of incident and reflected waves. Graphene systems show standing wave patterns near atomic step edges, defects, and impurities in scanning tunneling microscopy; however, there are still unexplored examples. In this study, we present our experimental results for graphene directly grown on hexagonal-BN/Cu by chemical vapor deposition. Standing wave patterns were observed in our scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy, revealing linear dispersion relations with a Fermi velocity of about 106 m/s. Our study shows that graphene grown on hexagonal-BN/Cu provides a useful platform to study the electronic characteristics of graphene systems.