Emerging mechanisms of regulation for endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ stores by secretory pathway kinase FAM20C

Eukaryotes depend upon the proper localization, accumulation, and release of intracellular Ca2+. This is regulated through specialized cellular compartments, signaling pathways, and Ca2+-binding proteins and channels. Cytosolic and extracellular signaling governing intracellular Ca2+ stores are well explored. However, regulatory signals within Ca2+ storage organelles like the endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum are not well understood. This is due to a lack of identified signaling molecules - like protein kinases - within these compartments, limited information on their regulation, and incomplete understanding of mechanisms involving modified substrates. Here we review recent advances in intralumenal signaling focusing on the secretory pathway protein kinase FAM20C and its regulation, Ca2+-binding protein substrates, and potential mechanisms through which FAM20C may regulate Ca2+ storage.