An integrated mechanism and challenges of mountainous sustainable development: A review of Hani Terraces, China

持续性 城市化 工业化 社会可持续性 可持续发展 环境资源管理 心理弹性 农业 环境规划 业务 人口 自然资源经济学 地理 经济增长 经济 生态学 社会学 心理学 人口学 考古 市场经济 心理治疗师 生物
作者
Yongxun Zhang,Aiping Zhang,Yijiao Ma
出处
期刊:Sustainable Development [Wiley]
卷期号:32 (1): 101-118 被引量:6
标识
DOI:10.1002/sd.2651
摘要

Abstract Mountainous agriculture supports 15% of the global population, but its sustainability is facing challenges with the social transition. Honghe Hani Rice Terrace System (HHRTS), China, a double world‐level heritage, performs strong resilience to challenges. Available studies on HHRTS examines its sustainability from some perspectives but lack a systemic elaboration on its sustainable mechanism. This study extensively examines the literature on HHRTS and offers a comprehensive analysis of its sustainability. The findings suggest that mountainous agricultural sustainability depends on the support from relatively enough water and land resources and diverse employment based on these resources (economic sustainability), the environmental stability based on reasonable landscape structure, rich biodiversity and ecological farming methods (environmental sustainability), and social stability based on the well‐developing social structure, efficient management system, and relevant cultural restraint and guidance (social sustainability) as well as the dynamic interaction among the three dimensions. Among them, traditional knowledge and cultures play a positive role in maintaining the stability of terraced landscapes, but their role is weakening with industrialization and urbanization. This study provides a systemic explanation of a dynamic evolution mechanism that the economic and social factors drive local people to maintain a mountainous agricultural system from the agricultural society to the industrial society based on the theory of planned behavior. This study also provides abundant local knowledge, experiences, and an analytical framework for reconstructing a sustainable mountainous agricultural system in the socio‐economic transformation stage.
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