免疫系统
糖酵解
肿瘤微环境
巨噬细胞极化
生物
细胞代谢
细胞生物学
重编程
转移
新陈代谢
血管生成
癌细胞
癌症研究
生物化学
细胞
巨噬细胞
癌症
免疫学
遗传学
体外
作者
Lihua Chen,Lixiang Huang,Yu Gu,Wei Cang,Pengming Sun,Yang Xiang
标识
DOI:10.3390/ijms231911943
摘要
Immune evasion and metabolic reprogramming are two fundamental hallmarks of cancer. Interestingly, lactate closely links them together. However, lactate has long been recognized as a metabolic waste product. Lactate and the acidification of the tumor microenvironment (TME) promote key carcinogenesis processes, including angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, and immune escape. Notably, histone lysine lactylation (Kla) was identified as a novel post-modification (PTM), providing a new perspective on the mechanism by which lactate functions and providing a promising and potential therapy for tumors target. Further studies have confirmed that protein lactylation is essential for lactate to function; it involves important life activities such as glycolysis-related cell functions and macrophage polarization. This review systematically elucidates the role of lactate as an immunosuppressive molecule from the aspects of lactate metabolism and the effects of histone lysine or non-histone lactylation on immune cells; it provides new ideas for further understanding protein lactylation in elucidating lactate regulation of cell metabolism and immune function. We explored the possibility of targeting potential targets in lactate metabolism for cancer treatment. Finally, it is promising to propose a combined strategy inhibiting the glycolytic pathway and immunotherapy.
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