Topical Intranasal Insulin Enhances Healing of Nasal Mucosa: An Experimental Animal Study

Objective Aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of topical intranasal insulin on healing of nasal mucosa in a rat model. Methods Forty-eight Wistar rats, weighing between 250 and 300 g and aged 10–12 weeks were used and randomized into two equal groups. 1.9 mm curette was introduced through the left nostril and 1.9 mm mucosa from the left nasal septum was curetted. Postoperatively, animals in the control group received 1 mL of physiologic saline, 3 times a day in a nasal irrigation fashion. Animals in the experimental group received 1 mL of 5 IU/mL regular insulin in saline solution. Subjects were sacrificed after 5, 10, and 15 days and macroscopic and histomorphometric evaluations were performed. Results There were no mucosal synechiae and septal perforation macroscopically. Histological examination revealed that the defect size reduction was 21% in the saline group versus 56% in the insulin group on the fifth day ( p = 0.006). There was 62% defect reduction in the saline group versus 79% in the insulin group on the 10th day ( p = 0.034). On the 15th day, only 67% of saline group animals had complete defect closure, whereas 100% of animals treated with insulin had complete closure (92% vs 100% mucosal defect reduction, p = 0.036). Both edema and inflammation were less in the insulin group on 15th day ( p = 0.006; p = 0.023, respectively). Conclusion The results from this study support the safety and efficacy of topical insulin on wound healing in the literature. This study could guide further experimental studies that examine human sinonasal wound healing.