Tailoring the Size of Reduced Graphene Oxide Sheets to Fabricate Silicon Composite Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

The integration of a silicon (Si) anode into lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) holds great promise for energy storage, but challenges arise from unstable electrochemical reactions and volume changes during cycling. This study investigates the influence of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) size on the performance of rGO-protected Si composite (Si@rGO) anodes. Two sizes of graphene oxide (GO(L) and GO(S)) are used to synthesize Si@rGO composites with a core–shell structure by spray drying and thermal reduction. Electrochemical evaluations show the advantages of the Si@rGO(S) anode with improved cycle life and cycling efficiency over Si@rGO(L) and pure Si. The Si@rGO(S) anode facilitates the formation of a stable LiF-rich solid electrolyte interface (SEI) after cycling, ensuring enhanced capacity retention and swelling control. Rate capability tests also demonstrate the superior high-power performance of Si@rGO(S) with low and stable resistances in Si@rGO(S) over extended cycles. This study provides critical insights into the tailoring of graphene-protected Si composites, highlighting the critical role of rGO size in shaping structural and electrochemical properties. The Si material wrapped by graphene with an optimal lateral size of graphene emerges as a promising candidate for high-performance LIB anodes, thereby advancing electrochemical energy storage technologies.