Transparent ionogel balancing rigidity and flexibility with prolonged stability for ultra-high sensitivity temperature sensing

In the realm of modern flexible electronics, temperature sensors are pivotal, driving transformative advancements in electronic skins, healthcare monitoring systems, and intelligent firefighting technologies. However, impediments such as diminished temperature sensitivity, the dichotomy of rigidity versus flexibility, and compromised long-term stability hinder their full potential, adversely affecting sensor efficacy and reducing device longevity. In this research, we propose an innovative methodology for synthesizing P(HFA-co-SBMA)/[LI-BMIM] ionogels via a meticulously engineered ionic liquid system. This technique engenders temperature sensors with unparalleled sensitivity and adaptability, boasting tailor-made mechanical properties that achieve a harmonious balance between stiffness and malleability, alongside enhanced environmental tolerance. The fabricated ionogels, distinguished by their intrinsic conductivity, demonstrate superior mechanical performance, evidenced by a Young's modulus of 44.74 MPa, high strength (7.79 MPa), and elevated toughness of 7.36 MJ/m3, coupled with notable transparency (∼90.7 %). These sensors display remarkable environmental endurance and remarkable temperature sensitivity (−9.81 % °C−1 and a B-value of 3894.6 K), achieving a high linear correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.997) across a broad operating spectrum. Leveraging density functional theory (DFT) analyses, we unravel the enhanced ion transport dynamics, validating the efficacy of our approach. By integrating 3D printing, mold casting, and in-situ polymerization techniques, we streamline the custom fabrication of miniaturized flexible ionogel sensors, enhancing the design, development, and production of sensors endowed with ideal characteristics.