Gut microbes mediate prebiotic-like effects of resistant starch

Resistant starch (RS) is a type of dietary fiber with prebiotic-like properties that can reduce fat accumulation, modulate glucose and insulin levels, and protect the gut barrier. These functions from RS are closely associated with gut microbiota. RS was consumed to different extents by gut microbiota, but there are significant differences in the utilization rates. We summarized the interaction between each type of RS and gut microbiota and the role of RS in regulating gut microbiota and metabolic activities were reviewed. It focused on exploring the differences in the utilization of RS due to variations in glycoside hydrolases encoded by gut microbes, and the effects of differences in utilization on gut microbial structure, composition, and metabolism including short-chain fatty acid, bile acids, and tryptophan. Furthermore, taking mineral levels, hyperlipidemia, gastric injury, colon cancer, metabolic syndrome, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as examples, we elaborated on the role of RS interactions with intestinal flora in regulating human health. Finally, we discussed the application of artificial intelligence algorithms in RS modulating human health. The structure and composition of gut flora are significantly heterogeneous in individuals, it is possible to combine in vitro and in vivo fermentation experiments with artificial intelligence algorithms such as machine learning algorithms to analyze the differences in the response of the gut flora and metabolic network to different RS. Based on differences, personalized guidance on diet, nutrition, and lifestyle can be provided based on individual characteristics to more effectively utilize RS for disease prevention and intervention.