Investigation of gut microbiota changes and allergic inflammation of mice with milk protein-induced allergic enteritis

This study aimed to investigate the changes of gut microbiota and allergic inflammation in mice with allergic enteritis caused by milk protein. In this study, female BALB\C mice in the whey protein (WP-sensitized) group were gavaged with WP and normal saline, the sham-sensitized group was given normal saline once a week for 5 weeks. One week later, the WP-sensitized mice were administered 60 mg β-lactoglobulin (BLG). The results showed that mice's body weight decreased, feces with loose and bloody, and systemic allergic reactions and ear swelling increased in the WP-sensitized group. The levels of WP-specific Ig, mMCP-1, calprotectin of feces, and inflammation-related factors in the WP-sensitized group were increased. WP-sensitized group intestine tissues were damaged severely and the expressions of ZO-1, Claudin-1, and Occludin reduced. The results of 16S rRNA sequencing showed that there were differences in operational taxonomic units (OUT) levels of gut microbes between the two groups, o_Clostridiales, c_Clostridia, and f_Lachnospiraceae were more abundant in the WP-sensitized group. In conclusion, the WP sensitization can induce the allergic inflammation, intestinal injury and intestinal barrier dysfunction in mice, and the gut microbes were also changed, which provided a reference for the treatment of WP-sensitized mice.