医学
肺活量测定
肺功能
肺
内科学
哮喘
物理疗法
心脏病学
作者
Andrew I. Ritchie,Gavin C. Donaldson,Eric A. Hoffman,James P. Allinson,Chloë I. Bloom,Charlotte E. Bolton,Gourab Choudhury,Sarah E. Gerard,Junfeng Guo,Luana Alves-Moreira,Lorcan McGarvey,Elizabeth Sapey,Robert A. Stockley,Kay Por Yip,Dave Singh,Tom Wilkinson,Malin Fagerås,Kristoffer Ostridge,Olaf Jöns,Enrica Bucchioni
标识
DOI：10.1164/rccm.202307-1203oc
摘要
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) due to tobacco smoking commonly presents when extensive lung damage has occurred.
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