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Mpox: an updated review of dermatological manifestations in the current outbreak

爆发 医学 疾病 萎靡不振 流行病学 免疫学 皮肤病科 病毒学 病理
作者
Carlo Alberto Maronese,Gianluca Avallone,Italo Francesco Aromolo,Cristina Beatrice Spigariolo,Eleonora Quattri,Stefano Ramoni,Carlo Giovanni Carrera,Angelo Valerio Marzano
出处
期刊:British Journal of Dermatology [Oxford University Press]
卷期号:189 (3): 260-270 被引量:9
标识
DOI:10.1093/bjd/ljad151
摘要

Abstract Mpox is a disease caused by a double-stranded DNA orthopoxvirus discovered in 1958. In 2022, an outbreak on an unprecedented scale marked its transition from neglected, zoonotic disease circulating almost exclusively within African borders to sexually transmitted infection (STI) of international concern. Although phylogenetic evidence suggests progressive evolution from the strain associated with the 2018 outbreak in Nigeria, epidemiological links with previous cases have still not been completely elucidated. Clinically, mpox presents with systemic symptoms, such as fever, headache, malaise and a characteristic cutaneous eruption, similar to that of cognate viruses (e.g. smallpox). Mpox pseudopustules evolve through several stages, including umbilication and crusting, and resolve in the span of 2–3 weeks. The hallmarks that set the 2022 outbreak apart from classic mpox were a disproportionate number of cases occurring in men who have sex with men, an often localized cutaneous picture and a significant burden in terms of concomitant STIs. Investigations into the disease pathogenesis, related immune response, clinical and dermoscopic features, in addition to studies aimed at defining novel management strategies, have advanced mpox knowledge considerably. Herein, recent findings on mpox are reviewed, with a keen focus on dermatological manifestations and their implications in the current diagnostic scenario, reinforcing the pivotal role of dermatologists in managing suspect cases and preventing further spread of the contagion.
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