Endothelial KLF11 is a novel protector against diabetic atherosclerosis

Abstract Background Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of mortality in diabetic patients, with endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction serving as the initiating step of atherosclerosis, which is exacerbated in diabetes. Krüppel-like factor 11 (KLF11), known for its missense mutations leading to the development of diabetes in humans, has also been identified as a novel protector of vascular homeostasis. However, its role in diabetic atherosclerosis remains unexplored. Methods Diabetic atherosclerosis was induced in both EC-specific KLF11 transgenic and knockout mice in the Ldlr −/− background by feeding a diabetogenic diet with cholesterol (DDC). Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was utilized to profile EC dysfunction in diabetic atherosclerosis. Additionally, gain- and loss-of-function experiments were conducted to investigate the role of KLF11 in hyperglycemia-induced endothelial cell dysfunction. Results We found that endothelial KLF11 deficiency significantly accelerates atherogenesis under diabetic conditions, whereas KLF11 overexpression remarkably inhibits it. scRNA-seq profiling demonstrates that loss of KLF11 increases endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) during atherogenesis under diabetic conditions. Utilizing gain- and loss-of-function approaches, our in vitro study reveals that KLF11 significantly inhibits EC inflammatory activation and TXNIP-induced EC oxidative stress, as well as Notch1/Snail-mediated EndMT under high glucose exposure. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that endothelial KLF11 is an endogenous protective factor against diabetic atherosclerosis. These findings indicate that manipulating KLF11 could be a promising approach for developing novel therapies for diabetes-related cardiovascular complications.