Enhancing Stability in All-Vacuum-Evaporated Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells via a Bipolar Host as a Hole-Transporting Layer

Growing an ultrathin hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite film while maintaining high efficiency and addressing photostability challenges for commercial devices remains a significant hurdle. In this study, we explore the incorporation of organometallic copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) and