Recent progress in perovskite solar cells: challenges from efficiency to stability

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have seized paramount consideration toward commercialization in the recent past. The charming efficiency of more than 25% has allured the scientific community for rigorous exploration and research in this field. PSCs are a forefront contender to challenge conventional silicon solar cells because of the unique optical and electrical properties of perovskite material along with low cost and large area device processability. However, PSC's journey toward industrialization is being hurdled by a handful but serious factors, such as the degradation of the device, hysteresis and film quality, and so on. Herein, the review focuses extensively on the influence of different factors on the stability of PSCs. Along with the progress in the scalable device fabrication process leading to the evolution of high-quality films followed by different device architectures, and the impact of different transport layers for achieving high power conversion efficiency with long term device stability has also been reviewed. Discrete degradation mechanisms have been summarized for a better understanding of the instability concern of the PSCs. This comprehensive review of the current state-of-the-art of PSCs is presented here, which will give a new dimension for further improvement of device performance to endure industrial exploration.