Multilevel peel-off patterning of a prototype semitransparent organic photovoltaic module

Semitransparent organic photovoltaics (ST-OPVs) with applications to power-generating windows have shown substantial increases in power conversion efficiency (PCE) and average photopic transmission (APT) at the laboratory scale. The demonstration of similarly efficient, large-scale ST-OPV modules with geometric fill factors (GFFs) approaching 100%, however, remains a challenge. Here, we employ a multilevel peel-off patterning method that can achieve micron-scale resolution without exposing chemically sensitive organic materials to solvents. Eight 4 cm × 0.4 cm cells are connected in series to realize a prototype ST-OPV module with GFF = 95.8%, PCE = 7.3% ± 0.2% under simulated AM 1.5G illumination at 1 sun intensity, APT = 41.8% ± 1.4%, and a light utilization efficiency (LUE) of 3.1% ± 0.1%. A neutral color ST-OPV module is also demonstrated with 1.7% ± 0.1% and International Commission on Illumination (CIE) LAB coordinates of (L∗, a∗, b∗) = (53.7, −1.9, −3.9).