Atomic Layer Deposition of an Effective Interface Layer of TiN for Efficient and Hysteresis-Free Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have experienced outstanding advances in power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) by employing new electron transport layers (ETLs), interface engineering, optimizing perovskite morphology, and improving charge collection efficiency. In this work, we study the role of a new ultrathin interface layer of titanium nitride (TiN) conformally deposited on a mesoporous TiO₂ (mp-TiO₂) scaffold using the atomic layer deposition method. Our characterization results revealed that the presence of TiN at the ETL/perovskite interface improves the charge collection as well as reduces the interface recombination. We find that the morphology (grain size) and optical properties of the perovskite film deposited on the optimized mp-TiO₂/TiN ETL are improved drastically, leading to devices with a maximum PCE of 19.38% and a high open-circuit voltage (V_oc) of 1.148 V with negligible hysteresis and improved environmental (∼40% RH) and thermal (80 °C) stabilities.