溶解有机碳
环境化学
有机质
硝酸盐
分水岭
水质
总有机碳
环境科学
化学
卤乙酸
硝化作用
氮气
水文学(农业)
水处理
生态学
环境工程
有机化学
机器学习
计算机科学
生物
岩土工程
工程类
作者
Habibullah Uzun,Randy A. Dahlgren,Christopher I. Olivares,Cagri Utku Erdem,Tanju Karanfil,Alex Chow
出处
期刊:Water Research
[Elsevier]
日期:2020-08-01
卷期号:181: 115891-115891
被引量:60
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2020.115891
摘要
We investigated the effects of two California wildfires (Rocky and Wragg Fires, 2015) compared to an unburned reference watershed on water quality, dissolved organic matter (DOM), and precursors of disinfection by-products (DBPs) for two years’ post-fire. The two burned watersheds both experienced wildfires but differed in the proportion of burned watershed areas. Burned watersheds showed rapid water quality degradation from elevated levels of turbidity, color, and suspended solids, with greater degradation in the more extensively burned watershed. During the first year’s initial flushes, concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), ammonium (NH4+/NH3), and specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA254) were significantly higher (67 ± 40%, 418 ± 125%, 192 ± 120%, and 31 ± 17%, respectively) in the more extensively burned watershed compared to the reference watershed. These elevated values gradually declined and finally returned to levels like the reference watershed in the second year. Nitrate concentrations were near detection limits (0.01 mg-N/L) in the first year but showed a large increase in fire-impacted streams during the second rainy season, possibly due to delayed nitrification. Changes in DOM composition, especially during the initial storm events, indicated that fires can attenuate humic-like and soluble microbial by-product-like (SMP) DOM while increasing the proportion of fulvic-like, tryptophan-like, and tyrosine-like compounds. Elevated bromide (Br−) concentrations (up to 8.7 μM]) caused a shift in speciation of trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) to brominated species for extended periods (up to 2 years). Wildfire also resulted in elevated concentrations of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) precursors. Such changes in THM, HAA, and NDMA precursors following wildfires pose a potential treatability challenge for drinking water treatment, but the effects are relatively short-term (≤1 year).
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