Electronic Level Alignment in Inverted Organometal Perovskite Solar Cells

The measured energy diagram for inverted cell architectures for perovskite photovoltaic devices is presented. Band offsets are determined in direct and inverse photoemission spectroscopy. The perovskite films assume a slightly p-type characteristic on top of NiO and show good energetic alignment to adjacent organic electron transport layers. The finding explains the function of inverted devices and gives guidelines for optimization. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.