Analysis of debris flow surges using the theory of uniformly progressive flow

Coarse debris flows develop surges with distinct longitudinal sorting. Although highly unsteady, such flow often appears to attain a steady-state condition, moving over long distances with approximately constant velocity and maximum depth. Typically, a steep, bouldery front is followed by an accumulation of liquid slurry, which in turn decays into a dilute tail. Such sorting has long been recognized by field workers, but its influence on the dynamic behaviour of debris flow surges has not yet been fully clarified by analysis. A simple model is presented, using the theory of uniformly progressive flow and incorporating zoned longitudinal variation in rheology. It is shown that non-homogeneity can cause very significant magnification of the peak discharge, depending on the slope angle and on the length of the frontal boulder concentration. The shape of the surge flow profiles is determined not only by the rheology of the retained material, but by the longitudinal variation of material characteristics. As a result, excessive reliance on laboratory-derived rheological constitutive relationships is not advisable. Models of debris flow surges should be non-homogeneous and able to incorporate zones of contrasting rheology. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.