XPS Study on Changes of Lead on the Channel Surface of Microchannel Plate Reduced by Hydrogen

Lead silicate glass has excellent conductivity after hydrogen reduction, which plays an important role in improving the dynamic range of micro-channel plates. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to determine the valence state and distribution of lead on the surface of the channel surface of MCPs reduced by hydrogen. The results showed that Pb2+ reacted with hydrogen and reduced to Pb atom gradually. When the temperature increases or the time extends during the hydrogen reduction process, Pb0 gradually increases on the surface, which leads to the changes of MCP resistance during reduction. Furthermore, the bismuth has the same change trend as lead during hydrogen reduction.