Mo-Modified P2-type Manganese Oxide Nanoplates with an Oriented Stacking Structure and Exposed {010} Active Facets as a Long-Life Sodium-Ion Battery Cathode

Layered manganese-based cathode materials are of great interest because of their high specific capacities for sodium-ion batteries. However, the Jahn-Teller effect and the inevitable phase transition are detrimental for achieving considerable cycling stability and rate capability. Herein, a P2-type manganese oxide nanoplate cathode material modified by Mo-substitution with an oriented stacking structure and exposed {010} active facets is reported. The manganese oxide nanoplate cathode yields remarkable capacity retention of 86% after 1200 cycles at 10 C (2000 mA g^-1). The specific power density is estimated to be as high as 530 W kg^-1 with a specific discharge capacity 143.9 mA h g^-1 at 1 C and 89.6% capacity retention up to 100 cycles. The superior electrochemical performances can be attributed to the efficient chemical modification and the unique structural features of the present manganese oxide nanoplate. Mo-modification can endow the manganese oxide cathode with enlarged lattice space and average oxidation state and thus favorable Na⁺ diffusion to inhibit the Jahn-Teller effect and improve the structure stability, thereby achieving an extremely long cycling life. A multilayer oriented stacking nanoplate structure with exposed {010} active facets is also beneficial for providing more surface active sites and shortening the Na⁺ diffusion path, leading to better rate capability.