原肠化
体细胞发生
车身平面图
胚胎干细胞
胚芽层
外胚层
多细胞生物
胚胎
细胞生物学
胚胎发生
过程(计算)
中胚层
生物
计算机科学
基因
遗传学
诱导多能干细胞
体节
操作系统
作者
Naomi Moris,Kerim Anlaş,Susanne C. van den Brink,Anna Alemany,Julia Schröder,Sabitri Ghimire,Tina Balayo,Alexander van Oudenaarden,Alfonso Martínez Arias
出处
期刊:Nature
[Springer Nature]
日期:2020-06-11
卷期号:582 (7812): 410-415
被引量:352
标识
DOI:10.1038/s41586-020-2383-9
摘要
The body plan of the mammalian embryo is shaped through the process of gastrulation, an early developmental event that transforms an isotropic group of cells into an ensemble of tissues that is ordered with reference to three orthogonal axes1. Although model organisms have provided much insight into this process, we know very little about gastrulation in humans, owing to the difficulty of obtaining embryos at such early stages of development and the ethical and technical restrictions that limit the feasibility of observing gastrulation ex vivo2. Here we show that human embryonic stem cells can be used to generate gastruloids—three-dimensional multicellular aggregates that differentiate to form derivatives of the three germ layers organized spatiotemporally, without additional extra-embryonic tissues. Human gastruloids undergo elongation along an anteroposterior axis, and we use spatial transcriptomics to show that they exhibit patterned gene expression. This includes a signature of somitogenesis that suggests that 72-h human gastruloids show some features of Carnegie-stage-9 embryos3. Our study represents an experimentally tractable model system to reveal and examine human-specific regulatory processes that occur during axial organization in early development. Human gastruloids—three-dimensional aggregates derived from human embryonic stem cells—show features of human embryos at around 19–21 days, and provide a model for the study of early human development.
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