Characterization of bacterial biofilm infections with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy: a review

Bacterial biofilms play a role in a majority of chronic infections. Such infections are the result of bacterial colonization and matrix construction, which yield protective structures that are much more difficult to treat than planktonic (free-floating), acute infections. Because of the medical challenges that biofilm infections impose, technological advancements and innovation for diagnosis, characterization, and treatment are greatly needed. One technology which has been increasingly recognized for its potential in biofilm characterization is Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. As such, the aim of this review is to discuss the state of FTIR research in its application to medical microbiology and to offer insight into its prospective adoption by healthcare providers.