Progression of Gait Changes in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review

Background and Purpose: The identification of altered gait and its progression over time is important to gaining a better understanding of the clinical aspects of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in older adults. The aim of the present systematic review was to determine changes in gait variables over time among older adults with MCI. Methods: The PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct databases were searched for relevant articles using the following keywords and Medical Subject Headings: Aged AND “Mild cognitive impairment” AND (gait OR locomotion). A hand search was also performed of the reference lists of the selected articles in an attempt to find additional records. The following were the inclusion criteria: longitudinal studies and clinical trials involving a control group without intervention; samples of individuals 65 years or older; and characterization of gait using a single or dual task. Results and Discussion: The initial search led to the retrieval of 6979 studies, 9 of which met the inclusion criteria. The duration of follow-up among the studies ranged from 6 months to 2 years. Most trials investigated gait speed. Other gait variables were step length, time required to walk a given distance, and mean weekly gait speed. Altered gait progressed in older adults with MCI. The main alterations were gait speed and variability in daily number of steps in follow-up periods lasting more than 1 year. No significant changes in gait variables were found in shorter follow-up periods (up to 6 months). Conclusions: The progression of gait changes in older adults with MCI has been underinvestigated. MCI leads to reduced gait speed in longer follow-up periods. Such information can contribute to the determination of motor interventions for older adults with MCI, especially in the early stages.