Impact of Sarcopenia in Patients with Unresectable Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer Receiving Chemoradiotherapy.

Background Esophageal cancer often involves direct invasion of adjacent organs and patient survival rates are low. Sarcopenia has been reported to be associated with a poor prognosis in several types of malignancies. However, the impact of sarcopenia on the long-term survival of patients with unresectable locally advanced esophageal cancer remains unclear. Patients and methods A total of 48 patients undergoing definitive chemoradiotherapy at our Institution from October 2012 to December 2015 were enrolled; their data were compared according to patient skeletal muscle index (SMI): low SMI (sarcopenia group), n=34; normal SMI (non-sarcopenia group), n=14. Results There were no significant differences in the incidence of severe adverse events and dose reduction rate between the two groups. The incidence of nutritional support was significantly higher in the groups with sarcopenia than in the non-sarcopenia group (44.1% vs. 7.1%, p=0.077). Response rates were significantly lower in the sarcopenia group than in the non-sarcopenia group (43.8% vs. 78.6%, p=0.025). The overall survival rate in the group with sarcopenia was significantly lower than that in the non-sarcopenia group (3-year: 36.95% vs. 63.9%, p=0.018). Conclusion Sarcopenia prior to treatment may worsen the long-term survival of patients with unresectable locally advanced esophageal cancer. Further well-designed prospective trials are needed to estimate whether adequate nutritional support has a favorable impact on therapeutic outcomes in this population.