[Chinese guideline for the prevention of surgical site infection].

Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common health care-associated infections, which increases patients' financial burden, prolongs hospital days, and even raises mortality. Prevention of SSI requires the integration of a range of preventive measures before, during, and after surgery. This guideline is based on current evidence and clinical practice, and takes into account the balance between benefits and harms, the evidence quality level, cost and resource allocation, and patient values and preferences. We present in this guideline 22 recommendations suitable for Chinese conditions and specific to the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative periods. Preventive measures including nutritional support, immunosuppressive agents, bathing, mechanical bowel preparation with oral antibiotics, hair removal, optimal timing for administration of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis, and surgical hand preparation, were involved in the preoperative period. During the intraoperative and postoperative period, preventive measures include normothermia, blood glucose control, fluid therapy, drapes and gowns, wound-protector devices, incisional wound irrigations, prophylactic vacuum suction therapy, antimicrobial-coated sutures, antimicrobial prophylaxis in the presence of a drainage, optimal timing for wound drain removal, wound dressing, and surgical antibiotic prophylaxis prolongation. It should be noted that when applying recommendations, surgeons should combine the conditions of their hospitals and patients' conditions. More researches are required to further investigate unsolved problems.手术部位感染（SSI）是最常见的卫生保健相关感染之一，易增加患者的经济负担，延长住院天数，甚至危及患者的生命安全。预防SSI需要在术前、术中和术后共同采取一系列措施。鉴于此，本指南编写委员会的专家基于现有的医学研究结果，结合我国的临床实践，经过反复多次讨论，综合考虑了干预措施的利弊、证据质量、费用和资源占用、价值观和偏好等，从术前和术中术后两大阶段探讨适合中国国情的SSI防控策略，最终针对术前预防措施（包括营养支持、免疫抑制剂、术前沐浴、机械性肠道准备与口服抗生素、去除毛发、外科手术预防性抗生素的最佳时机、外科手消毒）和术中术后预防措施（包括维持体温、围手术期血糖控制、液体治疗、手术铺巾和手术衣、贴膜、切口保护套、切口冲洗、预防性伤口负压治疗、抗菌涂层缝线、引流放置时的预防性抗生素与引流移除的时机、切口敷料、延长预防性抗生素使用时间）形成了22条推荐意见。需注意的是，临床医生在应用推荐意见时，应结合所在医院的条件，根据患者的具体情况而定。SSI预防措施中仍有诸多问题尚未解决，需要在未来进行更多的研究。.