Size-controlled SiO2nanoparticles as scaffold layers in thin-film perovskite solar cells

The effects of scaffold layers composed of SiO₂NPs with diameters of 15, 30, 50, 70, and 100 nm on the properties of a perovskite film were investigated . Among the various sizes of SiO₂NPs, the performance of a 50 nm diameter SiO₂NP based perovskite solar cell presented a high power-conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.45%.