Lipid bilayer-assisted dynamic self-assembly of hexagonal DNA origami blocks into monolayer crystalline structures with designed geometries

The DNA origami technique is used to construct custom-shaped nanostructures that can be used as components of two-dimensional crystalline structures with user-defined structural patterns. Here, we designed an Mg2+-responsive hexagonal 3D DNA origami block with self-shape-complementary ruggedness on the sides. Hexagonal DNA origami blocks were electrostatically adsorbed onto a fluidic lipid bilayer membrane surface to ensure lateral diffusion. A subsequent increase in the Mg2+ concentration in the surrounding environment induced the self-assembly of the origami blocks into lattices with prescribed geometries based on a self-complementary shape fit. High-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) images revealed dynamic events involved in the self-assembly process, including edge reorganization, defect splitting, diffusion, and filling, which provide a glimpse into how the lattice structures are self-improved.