Identification of volatile compounds and their bioactivities from unpolar fraction of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. and mining key genes of nootkatone biosynthesis

AbstractAbstractIn this study, analysis of the chemical constituents and bioactivities of the unpolar fractions [petroleum ether (PE) and chloroform (C)] of fruits and leaves of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. were carried out, as well as the bioactivities of the main compounds nootkatone and valencene. From PE and C fractions of the fruits, and PE fraction of the leaves, 95.80%, 59.30%, and 82.11% of the chemical constituents respectively were identified by GC-MS. Among these identified compounds, nootkatone was the main compound in all of three fractions, while valencene was the second main compound in the PE fractions of the fruits and leaves. The bioactivities results showed that all of the fractions and the major compound nootkatone showed tyrosinase inhibitory, as well as inhibitory effect on NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. While valencene only presented inhibitory activity on NO production in RAW264.7 cells. The critical genes involved in nootkatone biosynthesis in A. oxyphylla were identified from the public transcriptome datasets, and protein sequences were preliminarily analyzed. Our studies develop the usage of the unpolar fractions of A. oxyphylla, especially its leaves as the waste during its production, and meanwhile provide the gene resources for nootkatone biosynthesis.Graphical AbstractKeywords: Alpinia oxyphylla Miq.GC-MStyrosinaseanti-inflammatorynootkatonebiosynthesis Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Additional informationFundingThis research was financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hainan (220rc702), and China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-21).