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Prevalence and Risk Factors of Tinea Capitis Among Primary School Children in the Grand Lomé Region (Togo), 2021: A Cross‐Sectional and Case–Control Study Approach

头癣 医学 毛癣菌 横断面研究 卫生用品 流行病学 犬小孢子虫 环境卫生 个人卫生 皮肤病科 抗真菌 家庭医学 病理
作者
Améyo M. Dorkenoo,Akovi K. Adjetey‐Toglozombio,Smaila Alidou,Justin Santrao Etassoli,Efoé Sossou,Fiali Lack,Massan J. Afankoutché,Emmanuel Awaté,Yaovi Améyapoh
出处
期刊:Mycoses [Wiley]
卷期号:67 (10)
标识
DOI:10.1111/myc.13808
摘要

ABSTRACT Background Tinea capitis is an infectious dermatosis frequent in children, causative fungi variable over time and space. The risk factors associated with this disease are still poorly understood. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of tinea capitis among schoolchildren in Lomé (Togo), identify the fungal species involved and assess the associated risk factors. Patients and Methods It was a cross‐sectional and case–control study conducted in primary schools in Lomé from November 2020 to April 2021. All pupils presenting tinea capitis suspected lesions have been sampled, and the scraping and hair were examined by direct microscopy in KOH solution and cultured in Sabouraud dextrose agar with chloramphenicol and cycloheximide. Positive children were matched by age and sex with those without symptoms for case–control study. Results Out of the 15,087 pupils enrolled, 465 had positive cultures for dermatophytes, corresponding to the tinea capitis prevalence of 3.08% (95% CI [2.59–3.57]). Trichophyton mentagrophytes (81.86%) and Trichophyton soudanense (13.12%) were the majors isolated dermatophytes. The risk factors were mostly living in households with domestic animals, showering less than twice a day, having a history of ringworm, having similar lesions in the same household and sharing personal hygiene items. Conclusion This study highlights the low prevalence of tinea capitis in schoolchildren in Lomé (Togo), the causative species dominated by T. mentagrophytes and emphasises the importance of environmental and behavioural factors in the mycosis transmission. Implementing preventive measures addressing the identified factors could help to reduce the prevalence of this disease.
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