A Comparative Study of Clinical and Aortic Morphological Characteristics between Bovine Aortic Arch and Normal Aortic Arch in Patients with Acute Type B Aortic Dissection

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to analyze the difference in clinical and aortic morphological features between the bovine aortic arch and normal aortic arch in patients with acute type B aortic dissection (aTBAD). Methods: A total of 133 patients diagnosed with aTBAD were retrospectively collected. Based on aortic arch morphology, they were divided into the bovine aortic arch group (n = 20) and the normal aortic arch group (n = 113). Aortic morphological features were assessed on computed tomographic angiography. Clinical and aortic morphological features were then compared between the bovine aortic arch and normal aortic arch groups. Results: Patients in the bovine aortic arch group were significantly younger and with higher weight and BMI than the normal aortic arch group (p < 0.001, p = 0.045, and p = 0.016, respectively). The total aortic length in the bovine aortic arch group was significantly shorter than that in the normal aortic arch group (p = 0.039). The tortuosity of descending thoracic aorta, the tortuosity of descending aorta, and the angulation of aortic arch were significantly lower in the bovine aortic arch group (p = 0.004, p = 0.015, and p = 0.023, respectively). The width of descending aorta, the height of aorta arch, and the angle of ascending aorta were significantly smaller in the bovine aortic arch group (p = 0.045, p = 0.044, and p = 0.042, respectively). Conclusion: When the aTBAD occurred, patients with bovine aortic arch were prone to be younger and with higher BMI than those with normal aortic arch. The aortic curvature and the total aortic length were lower in patients with bovine aortic arch.