Control and management approach of photovoltaic-battery-ultra-capacitor energy system in standalone and grid-connected modes

This paper deals with energy management for the photovoltaic-battery-ultra-capacitor energy system for a standalone and grid-connected. The developed energy system can operate in an isolated or connected mode according to the required power. Indeed, the photovoltaic generator is coupled with the DC bus voltage via a DC–DC power converter, to provide the maximum power from the photovoltaic panels. An energy storage system presented by batteries and ultracapacitors is employed to regulate the DC bus voltage through both DC–DC bidirectional power converters. The DC bus is connected to the AC bus through a three-phase power inverter to control the operating modes and ensure the energy demands. In effect, an energy management algorithm is developed to control the energy flow in the system for a standalone and grid-connected. Hence, the output voltage DC bus is controlled by the energy storage system using a Lyapunov approach to ensure high performance under load and irradiance profile variations. In this context, simulations have been carried out to prove the effectiveness of the proposed photovoltaic system. The developed energy system has been tested in standalone and grid-connected modes with the following scenarios: PV generator supplies the load, PV generator power is limited due to less solar lighting, the electric grid supplies the high load power, the surplus energy of the PV generator is injected into the electric grid, and standalone mode operation.