适体
核酸
寡核苷酸
纳米载体
表面改性
药物输送
细胞外小泡
核酸酶
纳米技术
DNA纳米技术
化学
计算生物学
DNA
细胞生物学
生物
材料科学
生物化学
分子生物学
物理化学
作者
Rui Xu,Qian Tang,Yiwen Ying,Da Han
标识
DOI:10.2174/1568026623666221124110016
摘要
Abstract: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer-delimited particles secreted by cells and are regarded as a promising class of nanocarriers for biomedical applications such as disease diagnosis, drug delivery, and immunomodulation, as they carry biomarkers from the parental cells and can al-so transport diverse cargo molecules between cells. Surface functionalization of EVs can help ob-tain detectable signals for their quantification and also add various properties for EV-based deliv-ery. Aptamers are specific oligonucleotides selected as artificial antibodies that could serve as ‘cruise missiles’ to target EVs for diagnosis or as navigators to bring EVs to lesions for treatment. DNA logic devices or nanostructures based on aptamers are intelligent designs to endow EVs with additional features, such as multi-target disease diagnosis in one pot and promoting retention of EVs in complex disease microenvironments. Oligonucleotides or DNA nanostructures composed of nat-ural nucleic acids can be easily degraded by nuclease in the biological sample which limits their ap-plications. Thus, the oligonucleotides composed of artificial nucleic acids which are synthesized against degradation would be a potential strategy to improve their stability in vitro or in vivo. Here-in, we review the methods for surface functionalization of EVs by nucleic acids and highlight their applications in quantification and targeted delivery towards disease diagnosis and therapy.
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